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China is home to a
wide variety of arts and crafts, such as sculpture, metal
work, eaving and embroidery, folk paintings, ceramics, and
lacquerware in addition to traditional folk arts such as
papercuts, lanterns, kites and toys. Jadeware, ivory
carving, cloisonn, embroidery and porcelain produced in
China are famed the world over.
China's major jade-carving centers are
in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Liaoning, Jiangsu and
Xinjiang. Large pieces of jade carving often come in the
form of censers, vases, figures, birds, animals and flowers.
Smaller jade items include brooches, rings, cigarette
holders and seals. Major ivory carving centers are in
Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai, with each city claiming its
own style. Beijing is famed for lifelike ivory carvings of
human figures rendered in the round and other delicately
colored articles. Guangzhou creates exquisitely hollowed-out
concentric ivory balls, boats, and floral towers. Shanghai
is famous for its uniquely delicate ivory portrayal of
freshwater mussels and fish. The art of miniature ivory
carving also thrives in Beijing and Shanghai; artisans carve
landscapes or lengthy texts on tiny slips of ivory the size
of a grain of rice. Their work truly seems
miraculous.
Cloisonn is a kind of decorative enamelware
created by artisans who mount a delicate pattern of copper
strips on the surface of a metal roughcast. The areas within
the strips are then filled with enamel pastes of different
colors and the copper strips are soldered. Thus prepared,
the cloisonn to be is fired then polished and gilded,
producing a resplendent interweaving of metal and enamel.
Decorative cloisonn works include plates, vases, censers and
jars; functional items include table lamps, fruit dishes,
candy jars, and stationery or smoking sets. Beijing is a
major producer of cloisonn. Many of its products have been
selected as valuable gifts to be presented to distinguished
foreign guests.
Artisans produce embroidery by hand employing
several dozen types of stitches to create the desired
texture, color, gradation and spatial effects. China's four
famous styles of embroidery are those of Suzhou, Hunan,
Sichuan and Guangdong. Suzhou embroidery is famous for its
cats and goldfish, Hunan embroidery for its lions and
tigers, Sichuan embroidery for its carp, roosters and
cockscombs and Guangdong embroidery for its warmly
decorative One Hundred Birds Worshiping the Phoenix set
against a panoramic backdrop of the sun, green pines, green
bamboo, peonies and red plum blossoms.
Ceramics were produced in
China in very ancient times. Main producers of porcelain
today include Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, Liling in Hunan, Dehua
in Fujian, Tangshan and Handan in Hebei, Linru and Yuxian in
Henan, Longquan in Zhejiang and Zibo in Shandong. Porcelain
from China's famous porcelain capital Jingdezhen is
well-known both at home and abroad. It is, to quote a
popular saying, "as white as jade, as bright as a
mirror, as thin as paper, and as sonorous as a chime of
bells." The city's eggshell, blue-and-white, famille
rose and colorful-glazed porcelains are famous all over the
world. Yixing in Jiangsu is known as China's pottery capital
for its much-admired purplish-brown teapots made from local
clay of the same color. Simple and unsophisticated in form,
the fine-grained teapots have a distinctively Chinese style.
Tea made in an Yixing teapot keeps its fragrance and flavor
for a long time thanks to the special qualities of this
purplish-brown clay; similarly, food cooked in an Yixing
earthernware pot is especially
delicious.
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